The use of enzymes for the catalysis of key reactions in the synthesis of biologically active natural products and analogues

نویسنده

  • S. M.
چکیده

The incorporation of enzyme-catalysed reactions as key features in multi-step organic syntheses is becoming more widespread. Various hydrolase and oxidoreductase enzymes have been used in syntheses of antibiotics and compounds of importance in inflammation and heart disease. The employment of enzymes as catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry is becoming widespread; comprehensive recent reviews of the subject are available.1 Whole cell systems and isolated partially purified enzymes have been used for various biotransformations and the 'pros and cons' of using one or other methodology have been discussed.2 Both methods have been used to promote the hydrolysis of esters: thus (*)3-acetoxyoct-1 -yne was hydrolysed to give oct-l-yn-3(S)-ol (e.e. 80-97%) and recovered optically active ester using lyophilized bakers' yeast or the lipase from Mucor miehei. The octyn-3(S)-ol has been used to make 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (coriolic acid) (l), a compound produced by rice as a defence against fungal disease.3 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.l]hept-5-en-3-one is available in both enantiomeric forms by enantioselective hydrolysis of the racemic compound using selected micro-organisms.4 Both optically active lactams can be converted into the GABA-mimetic (2).5 Similarly 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-7-one has been resolved using the microorganism Rhodococcus equi and the one enantiomer has been converted into the interesting anti-fungal antibiotic cispentacin (3),6 hydratases and nitrilases is an area of current interest. The mild conditions employed for the hydrolysis and the stability of other functional groups (e.g. esters) under the The hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids and carboxamides using nitrile

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تاریخ انتشار 2004